Sport ist hier ein Aspekt, daneben sind aber auch Events und Veranstaltungen, Kunst und Kultur, geselliges Beisammensein, Party, Radfahren und Hobby nicht zu vergessen. Für alle, die nicht gerne alleine aktiv sind oder sich einen Ausgehpartner wünschen, bietet die Sportpartnerbörse die Möglichkeit, nach Interessen zu filtern und so Leute kennenzulernen, die sich ebenfalls dafür begeistern The automotive industry in Germany is one of the largest employers in the world, with a labor force of over , () working in the industry.. Being home to the modern car, the German automobile industry is regarded as the most competitive and innovative in the world, and has the third-highest car production in the world, and fourth-highest total motor vehicle production Women in Pakistan make up % of the population according to the census of Pakistan. Women in Pakistan have played an important role throughout Pakistan's history and they are allowed to vote in elections since In Pakistan, women have held high offices including that of the Prime Minister, Speaker of the National Assembly, Leader of the Opposition, as well as federal ministers
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Women in Pakistan make up Major General Shahida Malikattaining the highest military post for a woman, single party sindelfingen. Gender Concerns Single party sindelfingen reports that the overall women's rights in Pakistan have improved with increasing number single party sindelfingen women being educated and literate.
However, Pakistan does face issues where woman are kept behind in the field of education, single party sindelfingen. This is also associated with low government funding, [13] less schools and colleges for women, and a low enrollment rate of women in educational institutions. Historically, Muslim reformers such as Syed Ahmad Khan tried to bring education to women, limit polygamyand empower women in single party sindelfingen ways through education.
Jinnah pointed out that Muslim women leaders from all classes actively supported the Pakistan movement in the mids. Their movement was led by wives and other relatives of leading politicians.
Women were sometimes organized into large-scale public demonstrations. Beforethere was a tendency for Muslim women in Punjab to vote for the Muslim League single party sindelfingen their menfolk supported the Unionist Party. Many Muslim women supported the Indian National Congress Quit India Movement. Some like Syeda Safia Begum of Muslim Town Lahore started the first English School for Muslim Children in Muslim Town in Pakistani women were granted the suffrage in[25] and they were reaffirmed the right to vote in national elections in under the interim Constitution.
Had General Ayub Khan run fair elections, Ms Fatima Jinnah of Pakistan would single party sindelfingen become the first Muslim President of the largest Muslim country in the world. However, single party sindelfingen, despite that setback, during —60, several pro-women initiatives were taken. The Muslim Family Law Ordinance[27] which regulated marriage, divorce, and polygamy [28] continues to have a significant legal impact on the women of Pakistan.
The regime of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto — was a period single party sindelfingen liberal attitudes towards women. All government services were opened to women including the district management group and the foreign service in the civil servicewhich had been denied to them earlier.
However, the implementation of these policies was poor as the Government faced a financial crisis due to war with India and consequent division of the country. Gender equality was specifically guaranteed by the Constitution of Pakistan adopted in The constitution stipulated that "there shall be no discrimination on the basis of sex alone.
Inan official delegation from Pakistan participated in the First World Conference on Women in Mexicowhich led to the constitution of the first Pakistani Women's Rights Committee. General Zia ul-Haqthen Army Chief of Staff, overthrew the democratically elected Zulfikar Ali Bhutto government in a military coup on 5 July The Sixth Plan during the martial law régime of General Zia-ul-Haq — was full of policy contradictions, single party sindelfingen.
The régime took many steps toward institutional building for women's development, such as the establishment of the Women's Division in the Cabinet Secretariat, and the appointment of another commission on the Status single party sindelfingen Women. A chapter on women in development was single party sindelfingen for the first time in the Sixth Plan. The chapter was prepared by a working group of 28 professional women headed by Syeda Abida Hussainchairperson of the Jhang District council at that time.
The main objective as stated in the Sixth Plan was "to adopt an integrated approach to improve women's status". However, Zia-ul-Haq initiated a process of Islamization by introducing discriminatory legislation against women such as the set of Hudood Single party sindelfingen and the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order Law of Evidence Order. He banned women from participating and from being spectators of sports and promoted purdah. He also proposed laws regarding Qisas and DiyatIslamic penal laws governing retribution qisas and compensation diyat in crimes involving bodily injury.
Zina is the crime of non-marital sexual relations and adultery. A woman alleging rape was initially required to provide eyewitnesses of good standing and moral character tazkiyah-al-shuhood and the witnesses would have to witness "the act of penetration" for the death penalty to apply to the Rapist or if there was no witnesses then Ta'zir would apply. Qazf does not require such strong evidence.
According to Mufti Taqi Usmaniwho was instrumental in the creation of the ordinances:. If anyone says that she was punished because of Qazaf false accusation of rape then Qazaf Ordinance, Clause no. No court of law can be in its right mind to award such a punishment. However, in practice, these safeguards have not always worked.
In Septemberwomen came together in Karachi in an emergency meeting to oppose the adverse effects on women of martial law and the Islamization campaign. WAF staged public protests and campaigns against the Hudood Ordinances, the Law of Evidence, and the Qisas and Diyat laws temporarily shelved as a result.
Insingle party sindelfingen, an orphaned, thirteen-year-old girl, Jehan Mina was allegedly raped by her uncle and his sons, and became pregnant. She was unable to provide enough evidence that she was raped. She was charged with adultery and the court considered her pregnancy as the proof of adultery. She was awarded the Tazir punishment of one hundred lashes and three years of rigorous imprisonment.
InSafia Bibisingle party sindelfingen, a nearly blind teenage domestic servant was allegedly raped by her employer and his son.
Due to lack of evidence, she was convicted for adultery under the Zina single party sindelfingen, while the rapists were acquitted. She was sentenced to fifteen lashes, five years imprisonment, single party sindelfingen, and a fine of 1, rupees.
The decision attracted so much publicity and condemnation from the public and the press that the Federal Shariah Court of its own motion, called for the records of the case and ordered that she should be released from prison on her own bond.
Subsequently, on appeal, the finding of the trial court was reversed and the conviction was set aside. The International Commission of Jurists ' December mission to Pakistan called for the repeal of the sections of the Hudood Ordinances relating to crimes and of Islamic punishments that discriminate against women and non-Muslims. There is considerable evidence that legislation during this period has negatively impacted Pakistani women's lives and made them more vulnerable to extreme violence, single party sindelfingen.
The majority of women in prison had been charged under the Hudood Ordinance. After Zia-ul-Haq's regime, there was a visible change in the policy context in favour of women. The Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth plans formulated under various democratically elected governments have clearly made efforts to include women's concerns in the planning process. However, planned development failed to address gender inequalities due to the gap between policy intent and implementation. InBenazir Bhutto Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's daughter became the first female Prime Minister of Pakistanand the first woman elected to head a Muslim country.
She also announced plans to set up women's police stationscourts and women's development banks. She also promised to repeal controversial Hudood laws that curtailed the rights of women. However, during her two incomplete terms in office —90 and —96Benazir Bhutto did not propose any legislation to improve welfare services for women. She was single party sindelfingen able to repeal a single one of Zia-ul-Haq's Islamisation laws. By virtue of the eighth constitutional amendment imposed by Zia-ul-Haq, single party sindelfingen, these laws were protected both from ordinary legislative modification and from judicial review.
In earlythe case of Shahida Parveen and Muhammad Sarwar sparked bitter public criticism. Shahida's first husband, Khushi Muhammad, had divorced her and the papers had been signed in front of a magistrate. The husband however, had not registered the divorce documents in the local council as required by law, rendering the divorce not legally binding. Unaware of this, single party sindelfingen, Shahida, after her mandatory day period of waiting iddatremarried.
Her first husband, rebounding from a failed attempt at a second marriage, single party sindelfingen, decided he wanted his first wife Shahida single party sindelfingen. Shahida's second marriage was ruled invalid.
She and her second husband, Sarwar were charged with adultery. They were sentenced to death single party sindelfingen stoning. The Ministry of Women's Development MWD established Women's Studies centres at five universities in IslamabadKarachiQuettaPeshawarand Lahore in However, four of these centers became almost non-functional due to lack of financial and administrative support. The First Women Bank Ltd.
FWBL was established in to address women's financial needs. FWBL, a nationalized commercial bank, was given the rôle of a development finance institution, as well as of a single party sindelfingen welfare organisation. It operates 38 real-time online branches across the country, managed and run by women.
MWD provided a credit line of Rs 48 millions to FWBL to finance small-scale credit schemes for disadvantaged women. Pakistan acceded to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CEDAW on 29 February However MWD faced a lack of resources initially. InNawaz Sharif was elected as Prime Minister. He had also held office for a truncated term —during which he had promised to adopt Islamic law as the supreme law of Pakistan.
Inthe Nawaz Sharif government formally enacted the Qisas and Diyat Ordinance, which institutes shariah -based changes in Pakistan's criminal law. Single party sindelfingen ordinance had earlier been kept in force by invoking the president's power to re-issue it every four months.
Sharif then proposed a fifteenth amendment to the Constitution that would entirely replace the existing legal system with a comprehensive Islamic one and would override the "constitution and any law or judgment of any court.
A ruling by the Lahore High Courtin single party sindelfingen highly publicised Saima Waheed case, upheld a woman's right to marry freely but called for amendments to the Family Laws, on the basis of Islamic norms, to enforce parental authority to discourage "love marriages".
The report of the Inquiry of the Commission for Women clearly stated single party sindelfingen the Hudood legislation must be repealed as it discriminates against women and is in conflict with their fundamental rights. A similar commission during Benazir Bhutto's administration had also recommended amending certain aspects of Hudood Ordinance. However, neither Benazir Bhutto nor Nawaz Sharif implemented these recommendations.
The enhancement of women's status was stated as single party sindelfingen of the 16 goals listed in the Pakistan Programa critical policy document, single party sindelfingen.
However, the document omits women while listing 21 major areas of interests. Similarly, single party sindelfingen, another major policy document, the "Human Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy"mentioned women as a target group for poverty reduction but lacks gender framework. The country's first all-women university, named after Fatima Jinnahwas inaugurated on 6 August It suffered from delays in the release of development funds from the Federal Single party sindelfingen. Inthe Church of Pakistan ordained its first women deacons.
On 2 Septemberthe Ministry of Women Development was made an independent ministry, separating from the Social Welfare and Education Ministry. In JulyGeneral Pervez Musharraf asked his Government to begin work on amendments to the controversial Hudood Ordinance introduced under Zia-ul-Haq's régime. On 7 JulyGeneral Musharraf signed an ordinance single party sindelfingen the immediate release on bail of around 1, women who were currently languishing in jails on charges other than terrorism and murder.
In latethe Pakistani parliament passed the Women's Protection Billrepealing some of the Hudood Ordinances.
The bill allowed for DNA and other scientific evidence to be used in prosecuting rape cases. Insingle party sindelfingen, The Protection of Women Criminal Laws Amendment Act was also passed.
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